In contrast, films with 10-15 wt% HNTs loading showed superior fire-retardancy, better water resistance and faster soil degradation over neat counterpart. PHBV films with 3 wt% loading showed optimum enhancement in thermal stability and tensile properties. Finally, the water absorption and soil biodegradability behavior of these composites were investigated by submerging the films in water and Alabama soil conditions. The horizontal burning test (HBT) was also carried out to investigate the fire retardancy behavior. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile tests were then performed to study the thermal and mechanical properties of these films. PHBV films without HNTs (neat) were also prepared for baseline comparison. The solvent was then evaporated and PHBV/HNTs films were prepared by solution casting method. At first, 0-15 wt% halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) was dispersed in PHBV polymer using ultrasonication process in presence of chloroform solvent. In this study, we investigated one such potential biopolymer, poly(3-hydroxy-butyrate-co-3-valerate) (PHBV) for the aforementioned properties. However, there exists challenging or unanswered questions for biopolymers to be used in biomedical, film packaging, automobile, construction and commercial industries such as their mechanical performance, thermal and fire retardancy, and durability when exposed to water. Good polymer−filler adhesion leads to a better state of filler dispersion in the polymer matrix as evident from the " effective free-space length (L f *) " of the transmission electron microscopy analysis, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy study of the nanocomposites.īiopolymers provide potential substitution to synthetic polymers derived from scarce petroleum materials which are not environmental friendly and biodegradable. The rheology study of nanocomposites help understand the polymer−filler interaction. The synergistic mechanical properties of covalently poly(ε-caprolactone)-modified HNT nanocomposites come from the ameliorated polymer−filler interface interaction that can be understood by the study of the " Pukánszky model " and dynamic mechanical analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffreaction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and water contact angle measurement manifests a successful organic covalent modification of the HNT surface. The covalent modification of the outer and inner lumen structures of HNTs were pursued by two different methods: in-situ ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and silane modification using organosilane (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Nanocomposites of chlorinated polyethylene/ethylene methacrylate copolymer (60/40 ratio) with augmented polymer−filler interface adhesion were prepared by following a facile covalent modification of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Tungsten sulphide powder acts as a lubricant here, which increases the high temperature processing properties of the blend Storage modulus, tensile modulus and tensile strength were increased significantly with the incorporation of MHNTs. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the higher thermal stability of PEEK/LCP in presence of modified HNT. FESEM image shows a better fibril formation of LCP phase within PEEK matrix in presence of MHNT. Dispersion of modified HNT in PEEK/LCP matrix was shown by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and also by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). All the batches of this nanocomposite were prepared by melt blending. We have also prepared tungsten sulphide powder and introduced it into the Poly Ether Ether Ketone /Liquid Crystalline Polymer blend along with modified Halloysite nanotube (MHNT). Halloysite nanotube (HNT-OH) was modified organically using N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS).This modification converts HNT-OH directly to HNT-NH2 and improves its dispersion in polar polymer matrix.
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